![]() A total of 17 of the 41 subjects (41%) had p53 mutations. Only one patient had a current HBV infection. HCV RNA was detected in the sera of 37 subjects (90%). Sequence mutations were analyzed by the Affymetrix GeneChip technique. We collected tumor tissues from 41 subjects with HCC diagnosed at the National Cancer Institute of Cairo University during 2000-2003. ![]() Our aim was to analyze the spectrum of p53 mutations in tumor tissues from subjects with HCC in Egypt, where there is a rising incidence of HCC due to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Acquired mutations may provide clues to etiology, as some carcinogenic agents are associated with specific genetic changes in p53. The p53 gene plays a major role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunoscore and PD-L1 expression, therefore, are useful prognostic markers in patients with HCC who have undergone primary tumor resection. Positive PD-L1 staining was correlated with high CD3 and CD8 density (P =3D 0.024 and 0.005, respectively) and predicted a lower rate of recurrence (P =3D 0.034), as well as prolonged RFS (P =3D 0.029). In multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for vascular invasion and cellular differentiation, both CD3(+) and CD8(+) cell densities predicted recurrence, with odds ratios of 5.8 for CD3(+) and 3.9 (95% CI, 1.1-14.1) for CD8(+). High densities of both CD3(+) and CD8(+) T cells in both the interior and margin, along with corresponding Immunoscores, were significantly associated with a low rate of recurrence (P =3D 0.007) and a prolonged RFS (P =3D 0.002). In addition, the expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was correlated with the density of CD3(+) and CD8(+) cells and clinical outcome. Immune cell density in the interior and margin was converted to a binary score (0, low 1, high), which was correlated with tumor recurrence and relapse-free survival (RFS). The density of intratumoral total (CD3(+)) and cytotoxic (CD8(+)) T lymphocytes was measured in the tumor interior and in the invasive margin of 65 stage I to IV HCC tissue specimens from a single cohort. ![]() Immune cells that infiltrate a tumor may be a prognostic factor for patients who have had surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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